Topic: IMPORTANCE OF FIBRE AND FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS IN MODULATING FEED INTAKE IN BROILER BREEDERS
主题：纤维和纤维特性在肉鸡采食量调节中的重要性
A great deal of work on fibre and its quantification, chemical structures and physical properties has occurred over the past three decades together with some in-depth investigation into the functional attributes of various fibre entities in gut health, nutrition, welfare and physiology in pigs and poultry. It is proposed whether certain types of fibre, not just any fibre, may be more effective in inducing satiety in birds, resulting in behavioural modification and better welfare outcomes.
Significant restrictions in nutrient intake for pullet rearing and broiler breeders is to optimise body weights and such a measure is essential to maximise the yield of settable ages and longevity of the bird. Using the types of fibre that have high WHC but have limited fermentable capacity in the hindgut may offer benefits in breeder birds by inducing satiety, moderating hunger and maintaining production performance.
在过去的三十年里，在纤维及其定量、化学结构和物理特性方面进行了大量工作，同时对猪和家禽的肠道健康、营养、福利和生理学中各种纤维实体的功能属性进行了深入调查。有人建议，某些类型的纤维，而不仅仅是任何纤维，在诱导家禽饱腹感方面是否可能更有效，从而导致行为改变和更好的福利结果。
饲养和肉鸡饲养员的营养摄入量受到重大限制是为了优化体重，这种措施对于最大限度地提高鸟类可设定年龄的产量和寿命至关重要。使用具有高WHC但后内发酵能力有限的纤维类型，可以通过诱导饱腹感、缓和饥饿感和保持生产性能，为育种鸡带来好处。
Topic: TRANSGENERATIONAL IMPACT OF BROILER BREEDER NUTRITION
主题：肉鸡种鸡营养的代际影响
The continuous genetic selection in meat-type chickens for rapid growth has significantly transformed the poultry industry over the past decades. The evolution in broiler weights and feed efficiency reflects the success of these breeding programs. However, this progress has introduced challenges in feeding and managing modern broiler breeders. The intricate interplay between genetics, nutrition, and environmental factors shapes the quality and performance of chicks. The essay delves into the nuanced realm of broiler breeder nutrition, emphasizing the transgenerational effects that influence egg quality, hatchability, and offspring performance. Furthermore, the exploration of IOF and its impact on early development, along with the emerging field of epigenetics, underscores the complexity of optimizing poultry production for both current and future generations.在过去的几十年里，肉鸡为快速生长而进行的持续基因选择显著改变了家禽业。肉鸡体重和饲料效率的演变反映了这些育种计划的成功。然而，这一进展给现代肉鸡饲养者的饲养和管理带来了挑战。遗传、营养和环境因素之间错综复杂的相互作用决定了小鸡的质量和表现。本文深入探讨了肉鸡饲养者营养的微妙领域，强调了影响鸡蛋质量、孵化率和后代表现的转基因效应。此外，对IOF及其对早期发育的影响的探索，以及新兴的表观遗传学领域，突显了优化当代和后代家禽生产的复杂性。
Topic: MITIGATING NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS ON ANTIBIOTIC-FREE DIETS
主题：无抗生素日粮对肉鸡坏死性肠炎的缓解作用
Necrotic enteritis is a major poultry disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens. In commercial poultry, subclinical necrotic enteritis induces significant economic losses due largely to reduced performance, greater mortality rates, treatment, and predisposition to additional stresses. With the continued reduced usage of prophylactic medication, alternative prevention methods have become the focus of recent research and development. In a series of studies, non-drug feed additives were assessed for their impact on broilers’ performance and resilience to disease in the context of subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge models. These involved coccidiosis challenges as the chief predisposing factor to inducing necrotic enteritis upon introduction of C. perfringens. Among such potential non-drug dietary ‘alternatives’ were probiotics, synbiotics, phytogenic blends, and algal sulfate polysaccharides. While varying differential responses were observed, several additives could effectively mitigate necrotic enteritis by improving feed conversion, helping maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier, enhancing immune competence, and modulating the expression of key structural and functional genes in the small intestine.
坏死性肠炎是由产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌引起的一种主要禽类疾病。在商品家禽中，亚临床坏死性肠炎主要由于性能下降、死亡率上升、治疗和易受额外压力而导致重大经济损失。随着预防药物使用的持续减少，替代预防方法已成为最近研究和开发的重点。在一系列研究中，在亚临床坏死性肠炎挑战模型的背景下，评估了非药物饲料添加剂对肉鸡性能和抗病能力的影响。这些涉及球虫病挑战，作为引入产气荚膜梭菌后诱导坏死性肠炎的主要诱发因素。这些潜在的非药物饮食“替代品”包括益生菌、合生元、植物源混合物和藻类硫酸盐多糖。虽然观察到不同的差异反应，但几种添加剂可以通过提高饲料转化率、帮助维持上皮屏障的完整性、增强免疫能力以及调节小肠中关键结构和功能基因的表达，有效缓解坏死性肠炎。
Topic：ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND THE CONCEPT OF ONE HEALTH IN POULTRY
主题：家禽抗微生物耐药性与健康概念
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global One Health issue with implications for public and animal health. Urgently, efforts are needed to minimize AMR emergence and conserve vital antimicrobials through responsible use in human and animal health, emphasizing antimicrobial stewardship and adopting a "One Health" approach that considers human, animal, and environmental health needs. Surveillance programs for AMR are crucial in veterinary and food production industries to identify emerging threats, especially those linked to critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) - last line drugs needing to be reserved for human therapeutic use. Globally, there is much debate concerning antimicrobial usage in livestock and its proportional impact on public health. In recent decades, we have seen the emergence of CIA- resistant bacteria in food-producing animals in Asia, Europe and North America. This appearance predominantly includes resistance to critically important drugs such as fluoroquinolones and extended spectrum cephalosporins among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from pigs, poultry and cattle. The emergence of resistance to CIAs in these regions is largely attributed to the direct use of such antimicrobials in food-producing animals.
Recent studies have suggested that the ecology of critically important AMR among key indicator (E. coli and Enterococci) and zoonotic pathogens (Salmonella and Campylobacter) isolated from Australian food-producing animals differs from that in other parts of the world. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that Australian livestock have low rates of carriage of critically important antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli). This is attributed to Australia's isolated geographical location, strict quarantine restrictions (restrictions on importation of livestock and fresh meat), and more importantly the tight regulations governing the use of CIAs in food-producing animals. These circumstances have delivered promising results in minimizing the occurrence of CIA resistant Gram-negative bacteria in food producing animals.
抗微生物耐药性（AMR）是一个全球性的“一个健康”问题，对公众和动物健康都有影响。迫切需要努力最大限度地减少AMR的出现，并通过在人类和动物健康中负责任的使用来保护重要的抗菌药物，强调抗菌药物管理，并采取考虑人类、动物和环境健康需求的“一个健康”方法。AMR监测项目在兽医和食品生产行业中至关重要，以识别新出现的威胁，特别是那些与至关重要的抗菌药物（CIAs）有关的威胁，CIAs是需要保留用于人类治疗的最后一线药物。在全球范围内，关于牲畜使用抗菌药物及其对公共健康的比例影响，存在着许多争论。近几十年来，我们在亚洲、欧洲和北美的食品生产动物中发现了对中情局有耐药性的细菌。这种表现主要包括猪、家禽和牛的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离株对氟喹诺酮类和广谱头孢菌素类等关键药物的耐药性。这些地区对CIAs产生耐药性的主要原因是在食品生产动物中直接使用了此类抗菌药物。
最近的研究表明，从澳大利亚食品生产动物中分离出的关键指标（大肠杆菌和肠球菌）和人畜共患病原体（沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌）中至关重要的AMR的生态学与世界其他地区不同。横断面研究表明，澳大利亚牲畜携带至关重要的抗微生物革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌和大肠弯曲杆菌）的比率较低。这归因于澳大利亚与世隔绝的地理位置、严格的检疫限制（对牲畜和鲜肉进口的限制），更重要的是，对食品生产动物使用CIAs的严格规定。这些情况在最大限度地减少食品生产动物中耐CIA革兰氏阴性菌的发生方面产生了有希望的结果。
Topic: ENRICHMENT OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTS TO IMPROVE LAYING HEN RESILIENCE AND WELFARE
主题：丰富早期环境以提高蛋鸡的适应力和福利
The ability to successfully cope and thrive when faced with environmental disturbance, adversity, and stress is known as resilience. Across a hen’s lifetime, they will be exposed to many stressors that require adaptation to maintain internal homeostasis against external variability and continue producing eggs. Birds that are able to successfully cope with environmental challenges will have better welfare. Individual birds from the same genetic background can vary in their personalities and the way they respond to stressors, but inherent responses can also be modulated by the bird’s developmental conditions. A collection of studies conducted within Australia and internationally are detailed here to illustrate the positive benefits of environmental enrichment on adaptive capacity of hens when faced with challenges. Future research conducting measurements across a hen’s life cycle such as body weight or egg production fluctuations could be applied to quantify lifetime impacts of rearing enrichment in facilitating the development of more resistant hens.
当面对环境干扰、逆境和压力时，成功应对和茁壮成长的能力被称为复原力。在母鸡的一生中，它们将接触到许多压力源，这些压力源需要适应，以保持内部体内平衡，抵御外部变异，并继续产卵。能够成功应对环境挑战的鸟类将获得更好的福利。来自相同遗传背景的单只鸟类的个性和对压力的反应方式可能会有所不同，但固有的反应也可以由鸟类的发育条件来调节。这里详细介绍了在澳大利亚和国际上进行的一系列研究，以说明环境丰富对面临挑战时母鸡适应能力的积极好处。未来的研究可以应用于对母鸡的生命周期进行测量，如体重或鸡蛋生产波动，以量化饲养富集的生命周期影响，以促进更耐药的母鸡的发育。
Topic: The Effect of AM/PM Diets on Feed Efficiency, Egg Quality and Welfare Parameters for Free-Range Laying Hens
主题：AM/PM日粮对散养蛋鸡饲料效率、蛋品质及福利参数的影响
